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The high-level description of how to carry this out fits in five bullet points:

What we are doing, of course, is playing back sampled digital audio on the C64. After that we can go into the actual novel parts of what I did and walk through the relevant code.

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I’ll go into the details in the code walkthrough later in the article.įor everyone else, let’s step back, get our bearings, and talk in very simple terms about what we are doing, how we accomplish it, and why any of it works. So, for the experts, here’s the possibly interesting finding: if you’re using a stock NMI-based $d418 player, run-length encoding the data lets you get cleaner playback when the VIC-II is very busy because you can make the routine re-entrant. On the minus side, I’d better keep myself on the straight and narrow if I don’t want anything I write to be both impenetrable to novices and superfluous for experts.

On the plus side, that means I actually am getting more from the materials out there. It’s been seven and a half years, I have advanced to the point where I am now part of the problem. When I was just starting out, those documents generally read to me as an infuriating combination of coy and telegraphic, shifting between eliding fundamental concepts and opaquely referencing them, demonstrated with sample code that was amply commented but still only readable if you already knew 90% of what you were looking at. There are some extremely comprehensive articles out there already on how to do C64 digital sound, and the electrical properties of the SID chip that enable it.īack in 2015 I lamented the general nature of demoscene documentation as being targeted at folks who were already experts. The C64 is also, as a platform, one that has an enormous wealth of programming information online. Interestingly, these techniques were generally quite different from the other forms of improvised sound playback on other systems, or required some interesting gyrations to get to work. Unlike the Amiga and the NES, the C64 was never really intended to manage digital sound effects however, over the years, several techniques were developed to achieve the result. I’ll wrap up my little tour of retro digital sound playback with my first real system: the Commodore 64.

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